• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    A permeable concrete is described comprising, in the fresh state, at least 230 kg / m3 of cement, having a water / cement ratio of between 0.3 and 0.4, a quantity of aggregate of between 1400 and 2000 kg / m3 with a Dmax value of between 6 and 10 mm, the aggregate being characterized by a particle size such that at least 96%, better still at least 98% by volume of the aggregate passes through a 6.3 mm sieve.
    公开号:BE1021425B1
    申请号:E2013/0694
    申请日:2013-10-16
    公开日:2015-11-19
    发明作者:Giovanni D'ambrosio；Alberto Ghezzi；Massimo Borsa；Marco Tiziana De
    申请人:Italcementi S.P.A.；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    PERMEABLE CONCRETE
    The present invention relates to a permeable concrete.
    A draining or permeable concrete is a concrete with a porosity such that it will allow water to flow through voids. It generally has a reduced amount of fine aggregate and a good interconnection between the voids present in the structure, said interconnection allowing the water to flow more easily.
    As is known from the prior art, the void content of a permeable concrete can range from 10 to 35%, with a typical compressive strength in the range of 2.8 to 28 MPa (400 to 4000 psi). The rate of percolation varies depending on the size of the aggregate and the density of the mixture, but it is generally in the range of 100 to 1500 mm / min.
    Permeable concrete is used for road surfacing and allows rainwater and water from other sources to enter the soil, thereby reducing out-of-site flow and permitting groundwater recharge. .
    Examples of application of permeable concrete are used for coating parking areas, low traffic areas, residential or secondary roads, pedestrian crossing areas, sidewalks, bike paths, etc.
    The permeable concrete is generally prepared by mixing the granulate with the pure cement paste, pouring the mixture thus obtained into the area to be coated, and applying a suitable pressure to obtain a smooth upper surface. The application of pressure on the permeable concrete or compaction phase can be carried out by hand or mechanically, for example by means of a spatula, a roller, a finishing machine, etc. The object of the present invention is to identify an improved permeable concrete which does not have the drawbacks of permeable concretes of the existing technique, requiring high porosities to achieve acceptable values of mechanical strength and percolation rate. It is worth noting for example the international patent application WO2012 / 001292.
    The solution according to the present invention unexpectedly identified a permeable concrete simultaneously having a mechanical strength greater than 10 MPa and a percolation rate greater than 400 ml / min, with a porosity that is not particularly high.
    An object of the present invention therefore consists of a permeable concrete comprising, in the fresh state, at least 230 kg / m 3 of cement, having a water / cement ratio of between 0.3 and 0.4, a quantity of granulate between 1400 and 2000 kg / m3 with a Dmax value of between 6 and 10 mm, the granulate being characterized by a particle size such that at least 85%, preferably at least 96% and better still at least 98% by volume of granulate pass through a 6.3 mm sieve.
    The permeable concrete according to the present invention in the cured state has a porosity of between 15 and 25%.
    The porosity of the concrete is expressed as a percentage of the theoretical weight relative to the weight of the final hardened concrete.
    In addition, the permeable concrete according to the present invention in the cured state has a density of between 1750 and 1850 kg / m3.
    Preferably, the permeable concrete according to the present invention consists of at least 250 kg / m 3 of cement, better still at least 280 kg / m 3 of cement, with a water / cement ratio of between 0.3 and 0.4.
    Preferably, the permeable concrete according to the present invention consists of a granulate having a Dmax value of between 8 and 10 mm.
    In the case of permeable concrete, it should be emphasized that we can not speak of "texture" of concrete as such, but we will refer to the texture of the mixture of water and cement, which is prepared for be mixed with the granulate. Moreover, it should not be too dry (it would not be able to incorporate the aggregate homogeneously and maintain it), nor too wet, forming a "soft" dough.
    The permeable concrete according to the present invention has as a first advantage a better "quality" of the voids: namely, it is characterized by an optimization of the interconnection between the voids and a reduction of the number of voids which are not connected to each other: this makes it possible to obtain a permeable concrete having a high mechanical strength and a better rate of percolation, with an absolute reduced porosity value compared to the permeable concretes of the existing technique.
    By choosing appropriately selected aggregates, the permeable concrete according to the present invention has as a further advantage a particular aesthetic significance. It can also be used with its natural gray color, in white, colored, or pigmented.
    The permeable concrete according to the present invention allows the flow of water, reduces the effects of channeling and the formation of water bodies, by ensuring the recovery of water in groundwater (deep drainage), the collection and rainwater recycling, which can be properly conveyed through the development of specific secondary services. Other features and advantages of the invention will become evident from reading the description.
    By the term "cement" according to the present invention is meant a powdery material which, when mixed with water, forms a paste which hardens due to hydration and which, after curing, retains its resistance and its stability also in the presence of water. In particular, the cements according to the present invention comprise Portland cement, slag cement, pozzolan cement, fly ash cement, calcined shale cement, limestone cement and so-called composite cements. For example, Type I, II, III, IV or V cements may be used in accordance with EN197-1. A particularly preferred cement is CEM II cement. The preferred class of cement is Class 42.5. It does not matter whether the cement is gray or white.
    By the term "granulate" according to the present invention is generally meant granular materials used in the construction industry (see also UNI EN 12620), which may be silicic, limestone or basaltic, round or ground.
    The granulate can be natural, industrial or recycled. The natural granulate is a granulate of mineral origin which has been unequivocally subjected to a mechanical treatment, while the industrial granulate is also a granulate of mineral origin which derives, however, from an industrial process involving a thermal or other modification. Finally, the recycled granulate is a granulate resulting from the treatment of an inorganic material previously used in the construction industry.
    Permeable concrete does not necessarily require the addition of hyper-fluidizing additives / water reducers to achieve the desired results in terms of mechanical strength, although based on cement / water ratios of between 0.3 and 0.4 .
    However, in the case where it is desired to use hyper-fluidizing additives, these may be chosen from sulfonated naphthalene (SN), sulphonated melamine (SM), modified lignin sulphonates (MLS) or polycarboxylic compounds such as polyacrylates.
    In order to increase the life of these concretes and to reduce freeze / thaw damage, it is possible to use aeration additives, preferably chosen from sodium abietate, alkylarylsulphonates, alkylsulphonates and alkylsulphates. acids derived from animal fats and oils and hollow spheres, preferably alkyl sulphates and hollow microspheres.
    The weight percentage of aeration additives is between 0.1 and 3%, more preferably between 1 and 2% by weight of the cement. The application of the durable permeable concrete according to the present invention is particularly simple thanks to the particular machinability of the mixture and, depending on the type and size of the coating, it is spread by means of vibratory road finishing machines or by hand, with appropriate construction tools, on a suitably designed substrate.
    For complete homogenization, cement, water, granulate, optional aeration additive and titanium dioxide are mixed in a concrete mixer at the construction site or similar device until a homogeneous mixture without lumps and having a "wet soil" type texture.
    The mixture is thus applied on the support leveled by a clevis and compressed appropriately.
    Once the mixture is prepared, it is best to apply it within half an hour (this period referring to a temperature of about 20 ° C). Other features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the examples which follow, given for illustrative and non-limiting purposes.
    Example 1
    21 kg of granulate (1480 kg / m3) of calcareous type having a D max value equal to 10 mm are mixed for 3 minutes with 0.7 kg of water, ie with 50% of the quantity. total water.
    Then the mixture is stopped and 4 kg of type II 42.5R cement (280 kg / m3) are added, the rest of the water (0.7 kg) and 0.08 kg of commercialized Esapon aeration additive. by the company Lamberti (laurylsulfates, 2% by weight relative to the cement). The total amount of water corresponds to a water / cement ratio of 0.35.
    The entire batch is mixed for another 5 minutes.
    Thus, samples of appropriate size are obtained for the subsequent percolation test (cylinders: 15 cm in diameter and 5 cm in height), which are compacted in a suitable manner (10 strokes with a weight of 2 kg) and allow to harden during 24 hours.
    The drainage test is carried out according to the UNI EN 12697-40 procedure.
    In parallel, cubes of 10x10 (UNI EN 12390-3) are prepared for compressive strength tests, which are also compacted according to the same process (10 strokes with a weight of 2 kg).
    In this case, the measurement of the voids is carried out by a homemade process which makes it possible to quantify the number of voids inside the sample. Using sealed molds instead, fresh material is inserted therein that is subjected to vibration as in the case of preparing the sample to measure the compressive strength. Once cured, the material in the mold is filled with water to the top and the amount of water that could be inserted corresponds to an estimate of the pore volumes and, therefore, the percentage of water. retained air.
    The values of drainage, compressive strength and porosity thus measured are as follows:
    Drainage: 430 mm / min Resistance to compression after 28 days: 11.5 MPa;
    Empty (%): 16.
    Example 2
    Using the procedure described in Example 1, samples 1-6 are prepared as reported in the following Table 1. All of the examples use Type II cement 42.5R and a granulate having a particle size distribution in accordance with the present invention.
    Table 1
    All samples 1-6 according to the present invention are characterized by a drainage value greater than 400 mm / min, a compressive strength value greater than 10.7 MPa, and a porosity between 18.4 and 24. , 4%.
    Example 3
    Following the procedure given in Example 1, two permeable concretes A and B were prepared as shown in Table 2 below.
    Table 2
    From the above comparison it can be seen how, in the same way as any other element, the percentage of granulate passing through a 6.3 mm sieve, ie the granulometry distribution of the granulate, characterizes the present invention. Moreover, the particle size distribution of the sample A according to the present invention makes it possible to obtain a permeable concrete with a percolation rate greater than 400 mm / min and precisely equal to 500 mm / min, and at the same time having a value compressive strength equal to 11.3 MPa, thus greater than the threshold value of 10 MPa, and a porosity equal to 23.0%. Sample B, which does not exhibit a particle size distribution according to the present invention, even if it meets the compressive strength requirements with a value equal to 12.6 MPa, however, has a percolation rate well below 400. mm / min, precisely equal to 380 mm / min.
    权利要求:
    Claims (6)
    [1]
    1. Permeable concrete comprising, in the fresh state, at least 230 kg / m3 of cement, having a water / cement ratio of between 0.3 and 0.4, a quantity of granulate of between 1400 and 2000 kg / m3 with a Dmax value of between 6 and 10 mm, the granulate being characterized by a particle size such that at least 85%, preferably at least 96% and better still at least 98% by volume of the granulate pass through a 6.3 mm sieve .
    [2]
    2. permeable concrete according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises, in the fresh state, at least 250 kg / m 3 of cement, with a water / cement ratio of between 0.3 and 0.4.
    [3]
    3. permeable concrete according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises, in the fresh state, at least 280 kg / m 3 of cement, with a water / cement ratio between 0.3 and 0, 4.
    [4]
    4. permeable concrete according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the aggregate has a Dmax value of between 8 and 10 mm.
    [5]
    5. permeable concrete according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it has, in the cured state, a porosity in the range between 15 and 25%.
    [6]
    6. permeable concrete according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it has, in the cured state, a density of between 1750 and 1850 kg / m3.
    类似技术:
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    BG111576A|2015-06-30|
    FR2996844A1|2014-04-18|
    ITMI20121741A1|2014-04-17|
    FR2996844B1|2017-05-26|
    MA35093B1|2014-05-02|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    CN100375732C|2005-07-04|2008-03-19|上海宝钢冶金建设公司|Permeable concrete using slag as aggregate|
    KR100818489B1|2006-12-14|2008-04-01|후암산업 주식회사|Method constructing a composite pavement with the drainage and sound absorption in the contained water subbase|
    WO2012001292A1|2010-06-29|2012-01-05|Lafarge|Pervious concrete|
    WO2012089944A1|2010-09-02|2012-07-05|Lafarge|Permeable concrete|
    法律状态:
    2019-06-26| FG| Patent granted|Effective date: 20151119 |
    2019-06-26| MM| Lapsed because of non-payment of the annual fee|Effective date: 20181031 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    IT001741A|ITMI20121741A1|2012-10-16|2012-10-16|DRAINING CONCRETE|
    IT120017|2012-10-16|
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